Sleeping Disorder Narcolepsy And Immune System

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder triggered by the brain’s failure to normalize sleep-wake cycles. It causes excessive daytime sleep and cataplexy. It is often related to unexpected sleep attacks where people tend to doze off for a minute or two suddenly.  Insomnia, hallucinations and sleep-paralysis are some of the other symptoms of narcolepsy.

Cataplexy is type 1 narcolepsy. In which a patient suffers from sudden bouts of muscle weakness. According to the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, catalepsy is the most common symptom of narcolepsy, and affects more than 3,000 people in the U.S. alone.

According to the latest research at Stanford University School of Medicine, narcolepsy has been suspected of being an autoimmune disease. It indicates that narcolepsy is caused by a misguided immune attack. Although, this has been long suspected but never proven with facts.Fortunately, research has laid out the possibility of a treatment focusing on the immune system that could be used against the disease.

Research shows that people who have decreased levels of hypocretin or orexin, which is a brain chemical that helps in staying awake, is the probable cause of narcolepsy. Experts believe that the cause of this deficiency is probably caused by an abnormal immune system that attacks on the brain cells that produce hypocretin.

The researchers found that narcolepsy patients have blood T cells that react to a particular hyprocretin protein. T cells are a key part of immune system defenses against infection. It might be possible to treat narcolepsy with an immune-suppressing therapy.

Bentham Science Publishers is one of the leading STM publishers in the world. It has a wealth of online journals and eBooks in the fields of pharmaceutical, biomedical, medical, and engineering, technology, computer, psychology and the like. One of its subscription based journal is “CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets”. The journal has a number of different articles, including “The Hypocretins and their Role in Narcolepsy”.

Gender Discrimination in the Field Of Computer Science

Computer science and information technology is a field rapidly enhancing occupations. It is becoming difficult for men to fulfill the demand on their own. Research suggests that there has been a decline in the rate of women in the computing field displaying the social influence.

The statistical analysis shows that women earned only 18% of the degrees in 2012 cutting down from 27% in 2001. Whereas unemployment rate in the field stand at only 3.5% and the number of IT related jobs to inflate by 20% by 2020.

The general view of the field of computer science is known to be a profession which isolates females. This insight is nurtured by popular society which portrays women in computing as eccentric and odd figures.

“Men have surged back into computing in the past five years, but women have not recovered from last decade’s slump.” There has been a noted gender division in the field of computer science, according to a new report published in the first week of December coinciding with Computer Science Education Week.

Recent Patents on Computer Science publishes review and research articles, and guest edited thematic issues on recent patents in all areas of computer science. Bentham Science Publishers is one of the renowned names in the publishing industry.   The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in computer science. This journal is indexed in Compendex, Scopus and Pubs Hub.

MENOPAUSE- A MEDICAL CONDITION IN WOMEN

A menopause is a medical condition in which women lost their tendency of menstrual cycle for nearly a 12 months` time duration. The menopausal shift starts with unstable period cycle span and finally finishes with the last menstrual period.

During menopause, the woman`s ovaries stop functioning. The pair of ovaries is the reproductive organs in females which is located in the pelvis, each on both sides of the uterus. The main function of the ovary is to produce eggs as well as hormones like estrogen. During the monthly period, an egg is discharged from an ovary and then swims to the uterus through a Fallopian Tube. As a result of which after menopause, the women has lost the propensity to reproduce, become fertile or pregnant.

In order to overcome these conditions, you should do plenty of exercise, try as much as possible to be calm, take less amount of stress, cut-off spicy food or smoking and take proper sleep.

To read further regarding women related issues, you can get access to different journals of Bentham science Publishers in all fields of science, biotechnology, drugs, therapy and many others. Please visit: www.benthamscience.com. 

Prevalent disease in women: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (POCs):

Among many hormonal diseases, polycystic ovarian syndrome commonly known as POCs is the most prevalent in women.  In this syndrome, the outer edge of the ovary gets thick and cysts appear outside every ovary.

Polycystic ovary syndrome has symptoms including excessive hair growth on the body, excessive uterine bleeding, high blood pressure, obesity, excessive insulin, elevated levels of androgens and acne. Difficulty in getting pregnant and irregular menstruation cycle is also due to POC. In older women, difficulty of conceiving or unnecessary weight gain possibly will be the first sign of getting affected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Researchers are working on finding out the causes of POCs, but it’s still unknown. This is a genetic disease which can effect generations to generations. The complications could become fatal if not diagnosed early on.  Heart diseases and acute diabetes could be caused by POCs.

There are several ways to treat POCs, including medicines in the early stages, whereas surgeries and alternative medicine are prescribed for the severe cases.

Bentham Science Publishers is a leading name in the STM industry, having a number of online journals and eBooks on a variety of topics including science, technology, medicine, natural science, pharmaceutical, etc.  One of its subscription-based journals is “Current Women's Health Reviews” which has articles related to women’s health and latest discoveries.

For more information please visit Bentham Science Publishers website.

Skin Grafting and Its Types:

According to Merriam-Webster, Skin Grafting is defined as “A piece of skin that is surgically removed from a donor area to replace skin in a defective or denuded area (as one that has been burned).”

Removal ad transplantation of healthy skin from one area of the body to another is known as skin grafting. This procedure is used when the skin is damaged badly; this is a probable treatment of renewing the skin.

Layer skin graft and full thickness skin graft are two types of skin grafting. The first one takes a thin layer away from a healthy part of the human body. Whereas the second type f skin grafting is more risky as it totally depends upon the conditions of the skin.

There are various risk factors involved in skin grafting surgery. Some of them include nerve damage, bleeding, infection, loss of grafted skin etc.

Usually these surgeries are successful, but it’s not guaranteed that the patients would fully recover, which increases the chances of re-grafting of the skin. Regular monitoring of the skin graft for good circulation is of the utmost importance in such cases.

Bentham Science Journal “Recent Patents on Biotechnology” publishes review and research articles, and guest edited thematic issues on recent patents in the field of biotechnology. The journal is essential reading for all researchers involved in all fields of biotechnology. The journal is indexed in Scopus, EMBASE, Medline / Pub Med. For further details about this Bentham Journal, please visit:

http://benthamscience.com/biot/

Vitamins!

We hear, “Take your vitamins daily”, every day by our loved ones. But one cannot understand the importance of vitamins unless we know what they are and what are their categories? The word ‘vitamin’ means an organic compound which contains a vital nutrient. . It helps in blood formation, growth of hairs, nails, skin and prevention of different diseases.

Vitamin A is used for the development of bones, proper functioning of all tissues, improvement of vision and prevention of various respiratory diseases. The deficiency of Vitamin A causes decreased vision, pain in joints, dry eyes. Vegetables, fruits, butter cheese, fish, liver are the diet highly rich in Vitamin A.

Vitamin B1 or Thiamine is used to control human nervous system. It is also useful for the digestion of fats and sugars. Its deficiency can lead to memory loss, depression, concentration and a disease known as Beri-Beri. Rice, olives, almonds, bread and milk are the diet rich in Vitamin B1.

Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin is very helpful for proper growth. It also maintains nails, healthy skin, and hair. Its deficiency can result into sore throat, anemia and skin problems. Green vegetables, milk, cheese, fish are great source of this vitamin.

Vitamin B3 helps in preservation of the cells, digestion and maintenance of healthy skin. Its deficiency causes diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. Meat, fish, peanuts, eggs are rich in this vitamin.

Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid helps in growth, repair of blood vessels and tissue cells. It also helps in wound healing and various infectious diseases. Strawberry, Kiwi, Lemon are highly rich in Vitamin C.

Vitamin D helps in maintenance of bones, teeth, joints and protection of nervous system. Its deficiency can lead to the destruction of cells, muscle problems and anemia. Fish Liver Oil, Salmon, Tuna, Egg Yolk are good source of Vitamin D.

Vitamin E aids in healing burn wounds, blood clots.  Its deficiency can result into Anemia.  Corn Oil, broccoli, carrot are highly rich in Vitamin E.

Vitamin K is used for protein formation and prevents clotting of blood. Its lack can cause bleeding and blood clotting issues. Green vegetables, seeds and fruits are a good source of this vitamin.

The best way for humans to maintain a continuous intake of vitamins is to have a balanced diet with a wide range of foods.

Health Policy in Ageing Populations: Economic Modeling of Chronic Disease Policy Options in Australia: an eBook of Bentham Science Publishers:

Bentham Science Publishers offers a range of e-books in all major fields of natural science, technology, medicine and humanities. EBooks at Bentham science are published by means of state-of-the-art technology and covers the recent trends in the desired fields.

You can click here to access Bentham’s eBooks: http://benthamscience.com/ebooks/index.htm

Here is the review of one of the eBooks of Bentham Science; Health Policy in Ageing Populations: Economic Modeling of Chronic Disease Policy Options in Australia. This book focuses on non-communicable chronic diseases, which are disabling conditions causing premature death worldwide. In Australia such diseases – e.g. diabetes, heart disease, cancer, arthritis and mental disorders – affect around 80% of older persons and account for 70% of total health expenditures. The already high proportion of Australians with chronic diseases is projected to increase significantly in future. So the ability to identify ‘best value for money’ health investments is important if future cost increases are to be contained.

Identifying ‘best value for money’ health investments is the essence of what the major research project we report on in this book is about. A new chronic disease model is described, covering the initial proposal, the model’s building and validation, and examples of its applications to assessing and ranking policy relevant prevention and treatment investment proposals.

Use of models of this kind can help identify the most effective policy interventions that could reduce the prevalence and severity of chronic diseases. To date, model findings indicate that such policies would have considerable benefits to Australians in terms of better health, productivity and well-being. Health expenditures would be lower, the pool of skilled people in the workforce would be greater, and living independently would be a possibility for a greater number of the frail old.

The book also discusses the lessons learnt from our project and from recent Australian health reforms; identifies existing and future health challenges; and puts forward possible improvements to health modeling approaches that could better account for the emerging new environment.

With its broad topic of health and ageing, the book can be of interest to the general web-searching public, as well as serving as basis of study for students and established researchers in the field.

For details, you can click: http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608058167/preface.htm

Flu-Forecaster – Know When Influenza Epidemic Is Hitting Your Region

Researchers at the Columbia University, Health department have formulated a flu-predictor that can highlight peak cases as early as 9 weeks. Flu-forecaster could be helpful in preparing people for the yearly influenza epidemic, which is usually at its peak from December to April. Maximum flu cases are recorded during this time.

This particular knowledge of a certain region being affected by influenza endemic is useful for various reasons; primarily, it makes people more cautious in maintaining hygiene so that they can avoid getting hit by flu. This is especially important for infants and the elderly lot.  Moreover, it allows public health officials and doctors to arrange for influenza vaccines and medications beforehand.

The model incorporates flu-related search data from Google Flu Trends and from the Centers for Disease Control. It also follows strategies used in one of the most accurate flu-predictor: weather predictions, in order to substantiate the indicators of the peak flu seasons. These trends collect data from physical characteristics, in this case how influenza spreads from one person to another, along with the historical background of the previous infection trends. On a weekly basis this flu forecaster integrates the number of reported flu cases by comparing it with its own forecast.

Bentham Science Publishers is a well reputed STM industry, which has a diverse collection of eBooks and journals available on topics varying from science, medicine, drug discovery, technology and the like. One of its journals is “International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control”  which has articles related to this topic.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia is one of the hereditary blood disorders. In this type of disorder, the red blood cells change into a sickle shape. The natural circulation of the blood has been disturbed because of this alteration. This change in mutation has various adverse effects on human health. It makes the patient anemic. It can also minimize the life span of the affected patient.

Through recent research studies and analysis, it is concluded that the chances of an individual getting sickle cell disease can be minimized.

Bentham Science Publishers is one of the remarkable STM publishers in the industry. It has more than 116 online and print journals, 150 plus Open Access journals, and related print/online book series. One of their eBooks is, Immunology of Pregnancy 2013, which is a complete compendium of gynecological immunology, spanning from fecundation to delivery.

Heart attack and Mental Disorders, Do they Have a Connection?

In the past, heart attack has been affiliated with depression, anxiety, stress and unhealthy eating habits. A normal person was accused of having either of the above described, if he had heart problems. Researchers are always in pursuit of finding new and easy ways to help humanity. In the present times, medicine and research has excelled beyond imagination.

Coronary Heart Disease is caused by residue or plaque built-up in the arteries, which lead to the heart. One in every four deaths, in the world, occurs due to heart diseases.

Research has now proven that those people who have mental disorders have a higher risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The people with any kind of psychological disorder also get affected by this disease. Now the factors of getting a heart attack have increased three-folds, because there are numerous mental disorders present in the world today. Mental maladies like Schizophrenia, Bipolar, depression, personality disorders and many more, increase the percentage of having a heart attack.

Bentham Science Publishers is one of the leading STM publishers in the world. It publishes 116 online and print journals, 150 plus open access journals, and related print/online book series, Bentham Science answers the information needs of scientists in the fields of pharmaceutical, biomedical, medical, engineering, technology, computer and social sciences. One of the subscription based journals is “Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry”, each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews, original research articles and drug clinical trial studies written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics in Cardiovascular & Hematological medicinal chemistry.

Neuroscience- a brief discussion about the human brain:

Bentham Science Publishers is a familiar name in the STM industry, having eBooks and Journals on a variety of genres including; information technology, natural science, medicine etc. “Neuroscience and Biomedical engineering” – A Bentham Science Publishers impact factor journal that can help researchers for further investigation on the area under discussion.

Please click the following link to access it: http://benthamscience.com/nbe/index.htm

Men and Women are two different creatures, not only they look different but they also think in a different way. Latest studies have suggested that the brain of men and women are actually weird in an unusual style from birth.

Human brain is divided into four parts; each of it has a separate task. The backside of the brain deals with the cognitive skills, whilst the frontal lobe handles action. Moreover, the rational thinking is carried out in the left hemisphere and the right side deals with the intuitive thinking.

According to the research, male brain features an active frontal lobe, suggesting a tendency towards mechanical or motor skills. While, women brain reacts strongly to analytical and emotional processes.

Women and men are different even when it comes to reacting to pain as well. Whereas, according to the study, women are more capable to deal with pain. This is why; women can easily bear rigorous pain of child birth.

The findings of the research could also assist researchers to understand why some of the diseases, like autism, are more recurrent in males.

HAY FEVER-MAJOR SYMPTOMS & TREATMENT

Hay Fever is a set of symptoms predominantly in the eyes and nose. It is also known as allergic rhinitis. This type of fever occurred as a result of exposure to particles of dander, dust and the pollens of certain plants. The people who are sensitive to these particles are strongly attracted by hay fever.

The major symptoms of hay fever include itching, nasal congestion and obstruction, eyelid swelling and middle ear effusion. Hay fever is most common during haying season. Skin testing is the most reliable method for the diagnosis of this type of allergy.

There are various medications available for the treatment of hay fever such as Nasal corticosteroids, Antihistamines, Decongestants etc. Other methods of treatment include immunotherapy, rinsing of nasal passages with sterile saline.

Bentham Science Publishers’ journal “Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery” publishes review and research articles, and guest edited thematic issues on recent patents in the field of inflammation and allergy drug discovery. This Bentham Journal is a useful guide for all researchers involved in inflammation and allergy drug design and discovery. For more information, you can check http://www.benthamscience.com/iad/index.htm

Robots: Precision Epitomized

The presence of latest scientific discoveries has made the world of technology is fast-approaching Utopia, where nothing seems impossible. A few years ago, nobody would have imagined robots performing surgeries and operations with the doctors. The creation of robots is meant for epitomizing perfection, as they are programmed in such a way. Robots are mainly used in factories for their speed force and precision; they follow commands and tasks are completed with perfection. Robots now are being used in the academic industry as well, for research purposes along with fun activities like robotic soccer leagues.

The world of robots has progressed from factories, and moved to the other areas as well. Most of them are controlled by humans, although they are now working on latest designs independent of human control. The scientists are focusing more and more on making robots like humans. The “Humanoid” robots are being manufactured, programmed and designed by various companies in the world. The studies on Robotics are now expanding and new things are being added, almost every day.

Bentham Science Publishers is a major STM journal publisher of 116 online and print journals, 150 plus open access journals. It also has eBooks on various subjects including Networking Humans, Robots and Environments. This book dives into the heart of how to design distributed control architectures for heterogeneous teams of humans, robots, and automated systems, enabling them to achieve greater cooperation and autonomy through the use of network technologies.

Medicinal Chemistry:

A rapidly growing discipline of Medicinal Chemistry explains the relation of structure and function for a better understanding of the molecular basis of life. Application of chemical research techniques with the fusion of pharmaceuticals come under the Medicinal Chemistry field.

During the early phase of Medicinal Chemistry development, the only concern for scientists was to isolate medicinal agents found in plants. Today, creation of new synthetic drug compounds is a topic equally concerning the scientists in medical chemistry field. They are almost ready to move forward in the drug discovery and development.

Drug development is an expensive and time-consuming process. The complexity of the process is shown by the fact that, its cost has now reached to $800 million in order to convert a promising new compound into a drug on the market. Moreover, it takes around 15 years on an estimate. This reflects the need for pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical firms to reduce the cost and drug development period.

Bentham Science Publishers is an established name in the STM industry. They have a lot of e-books and journals based on medicine. Medicinal Chemistry is one of their journals with an impact factor of 4.07.The journal is recommended for every medicinal chemist who aims to contribute in the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders.

To read more on the medicinal chemistry drug development please visit: http://www.benthamscience.com/cmc/

A Hope For HIV/AIDS Infected Infants:

AIDS is the final stage of HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus. HIV virus attacks the immune system in a way that it destroys the healthy white blood cells (CD4+) T cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections in the body. When these healthy cells are destroyed, patients of HIV get prone to other serious diseases and infections.

ART, antiretroviral therapy is the treatment used for this disease.  It is a combination of HIV medicines regimen. Although, ART can’t cure the disease completely, it does help the patients in living a healthier and longer life.

Over the past several years, the researchers have learnt a lot about HIV/AIDS. Despite of rigorous research being done on HIV/AIDS millions of people whose health continues to be threatened by the universal HIV/AIDS pandemic. World AIDS’ day is celebrated on the 1^st of December every year for educating the common people and helping the effects.

There are 3.4 million children affected with HIV worldwide, according to WHO, while 91% of them are in the Saharan-Africa region.  Majority of these children get affected of HIV get infected from their HIV-infected mothers during pregnancy, emphasizing the need of infant HIV treatment.

Recently, good news has surfaced that an infant, a 3 year old girl from Mississippi, who was born with HIV has been almost cured, and is in remission for 18 months. If antiretroviral treatment started within the first hours or days of infection, remission can be achieved.

To read further about HIV/AIDS, you can visit Bentham Science Publishers journals online. It is a reputable scientific and medical journal publication, having a number of credible journals and eBooks on revolving around; natural science, medicine, information technology etc. For instance, “Soluble Factors Mediating Innate Immune Responses to HIV Infection” is a published eBook, focused on interaction between innate immunity and HIV infection.

To read further please visit: http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608050062/index.htm

Bentham Science eBooks: Evidence-Based Occlusal Management for Temporomandibular Disorders:

Bentham eBooks is a comprehensive online book’s publication program anticipated to cover all major disciplines like health and natural sciences, technology, humanities and social sciences. Bentham e-book offers authors flexible publication solutions. These electronic books are rapidly published using state-of-the-art internet technology with the maintenance of the highest publication standards.

Here is the review of one of the recent e-books of Bentham, “Evidence-Based Occlusal Management for Temporomandibular Disorders.” This e-book describes that current mainstream treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are mainly conservative therapies. However, these conservative treatments are symptomatic treatments, not causal treatments. Therefore, the patients with severe symptoms have not been completely relieved.

The e-lecture also demonstrates a positive outcome using causal treatment based on occlusal equilibration in the BPOP based on the evidence of a relationship between occlusal discrepancy and TMD. Therefore, this e-book shares insightful, evidence-based clinical data with interested readers such as dental clinicians and researchers around the world.

To read more about this e-book visit:

http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608057835/index.htm

For further details about the latest e-books visit:

http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/index.htm

Bentham Science e-Books: Lung Cancer: Clinical and Surgical Specifications:

Here is the review of one of the recent e-Books of Bentham; “Lung Cancer: Clinical and Surgical Specifications.” This book answers the needs of medical professionals seeking this information and includes both internal and surgical aspects of lung cancer as well as developments in molecular research on pulmonary oncology.

Lung Cancer diagnosis worldwide has advanced considerably. Progress in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods has greatly improved life expectancy in lung cancer patients. Information on lung cancer diagnosis and treatment is therefore useful for all medical professionals especially those who work outside the realm of pulmonology or onclology.

 The e-book is divided into several sections which cover basic research on lung cancer epidemiology and carcinogenesis and continue through treatment modalities on non-resectable and advanced stage lung cancer cases (radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation) and new diagnostic techniques (PET scan). The e-book also contains a section dedicated to surgical treatment options in lung cancer patients. Readers will be able to equip themselves with the necessary medical information for diagnosing lung cancer and treating patients requiring surgery.

To read more about this Bentham e-Book visit:

http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608054428/index.htm

Bentham eBook: Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials

Bentham Science Publishers offer various e-books in all areas of technology, natural science, humanities and medicine. eBooks at Bentham science are published by means of state-of-the-art internet technology.

Here is the recent review of one of the Bentham eBooks: “Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials”
Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials provides an authoritative work of international experts in the field of nanotoxicology spanning 8 chapters. A key feature of the e-book is a broad coverage of the phytotoxicity of nanoparticles, which is largely neglected in many texts. The first couple of chapters of this book deal with the toxicity of nanoparticles in plants. This is followed by a discussion on the toxicities of iron oxide, titanium oxide and silicon oxide nanoparticles. Next, the volume provides a comprehensive review of the methodologies used in nanotoxicology surveys. The concluding chapters highlight the risks associated with the use of nanoparticles and the environmental impact of nanomaterials. Such a broad coverage of nanotoxicology renders this book highly beneficial to the scientists from multidisciplinary areas including nanotechnologists, toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental chemists and biomedical scientists. This book would equally be useful for the individuals advocating for sustainable use of nanotechnology.

To read more about this eBook, you can visit: http://www.benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608052837/index.htm

Bentham Science eBooks: Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – Central Nervous System

Here is the review of one of the recent e-books of Bentham; “Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research-Central Nervous System”. This e-book presents the latest research and clinical studies on the central nervous system (CNS).

It covers a range of topics such as the development and pathophysiology of the brain and spinal cord, physiological sites of drug action in the CNS and clinical findings on drugs used to treat CNS defects due to injury or impaired development. In addition to clinical research on humans, the book also highlights other avenues of CNS medicine and research such as pain medicine, stem cell research, pharmacology, toxicology and translational models in animals.

The first volume of the series features chapters on the topics like nerve targets in pain medicine, spinal cord injury, research on neutroxins targeting voltage gated ion channels, G protein coupled receptor agonists and modulators, drug research on mediating hypoxia in developing white matter.

To read more about this Bentham e-Book visit:            

http://benthamscience.com/ebooks/9781608057795/index.htm

Bentham Open- Policies:

Bentham Science has a reputable name among all the publishing industries. They have two major categories of their publication. One of them is subscription based which comprises of many high impact titles. The other one is open access which publishes well-known titles like The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal and The Open Dentistry Journal.

Bentham Open comprises of more than 230 peer-reviewed open access journals. Some of the eminent scientists endorse their Open access journals in this way: “The advantage of the Open Journal series is that it is just that: open and accessible to anyone with a PC at no charge I appeal to scholars across the disciplines to consider the Open Journal series as a forum for their work.” J.C.Jones (University of Aberdeen, Scotland).

Bentham Open is based on different policies. Some of them are described below.

All the published articles can be accessed online without hassle and they are free of charge. If the readers are willing to study, download or print different open access articles they can do it for free. The published articles are fully licensed and their distribution, reproduction and non-commercial use is highly permitted. All the submitted articles have been passed through the peer-reviewing procedure by the editorial members. All the authors should retain the copyright of their published work.

Various other policies are interconnected to plagiarism prevention, ethical approval of studies, appeals and complaints, copyrights and disclaimer.  For all the details regarding Bentham Open policies visit:

http://www.benthamscience.com/open/index.htm